Salmonellosis (salmonella enterocolitis)

Salmonellosis (salmonella enterocolitis)

    * Introduction
    * Clinical manifestations and diagnosis
    * Treatment
Salmonellosis is an infection with Salmonella bacteria, the most common type of food infection. . Most people infected develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps 12-72 hours after infectie.Afectiunea usually lasts 4-7 days and most patients need no treatment. But to some people tend to be severe diarrhea and the patient requires hospitalization. The infection is transmitted by fecal-oral route through unwashed hands, contaminated food and water. The most common symptoms are diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, fever, muscle aches and chills. Diagnosis of bacterial culture of stool is certainty. Complications of Salmonella infection include bacteremia,, boils away, the bones, joints, urinary tract and lungs. Treatment is indicated for severe infections because the disease is autolimitanta.Antibioticele used in such cases include: azithromycin, ciprofloxacin. Mortality resulting from severe dehydration and circulatory collapse, and debility occurs in people, assets, elderly, children or immunosuppressed.
Pathogenesis Two species cause typhoid Salmonella: Salmonella typhi and paratyphi, other species live only in the digestive tract of humans and animals: cats, sheep, goats, pigs and reptiles. Many of them cause infection in humans: S.enteritidis, S, heilderberg, S.typhimurium, S.cholareaesuis. Salmonella transmission is fecal-oral route, through poor hygiene of hands, food, water contaminata.Cea the most common source of Salmonella are eggs, beef and sauces, seafood. Because stomach acid destroys most bacteria ingested, it takes a large amount of Salmonella to determine the mechanism of infection is ingestion infectia.Dupa at enteroinvaziv, bacteria will attach to the intestinal wall with spacializate structures called pili fimbriata and adhesion. I endocitate lamina propria and transported, where eliberate.Aici will induce an influx of macrophage-types identified, or non-neutrophil-tifice.Inflamatia secretagogues and cause release of vasoactive sunstante, which will initiate diarrhea, edema, hyperemia and exudate intraluminal. Severity of infection is determined not only by the virulence factors but also the health of the host, as most exposed to severe clinical forms are elderly, children, malnutrition, people with SLE, neoploasme and immunosuppression.
Risk Factors The following risk factors predisposing to infection with Salmonella: -Consumption of contaminated food and water, which had contact with fecal material, soil, contaminated water Contaminated food, the most common are: sauces, beef or pork, cream cakes, seafood -Contact with wild or domestic animals: sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, reptiles Poor hygiene, cooking places, hands -Old people, children, imunosupresatii: Drugs, HIV / AIDS, neoplasms, sickle cell anemia.