Anaphylaxis and anaphylactic shock

Anaphylaxis is an acute systemic reaction caused by release of mediators from mast cells and bazofile.Pentru to be considered a reaction and not just an allergy, it is necessary to involve several organs: skin, respiratory tract, digestive and cardiovascular systems.
Anaphylactic reaction triggering refers to the type I hypersensitivity, basophils and mast cells with degranulation mediated by IgE binding to Ag.When the two cell types is degranuleaza by IgE or non-IgE mechanism, it releases histamine, leukotrienes and prostaglandine.Raspunsul body spasms in these mediators include respiratory and digestive tract, vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability and stimulation endings nervoase.Acestealead to the classic symptoms of anaphylaxis: erythema, urticaria, pruritus, bronchospasm and abdominal cramps. Hypotension and shock may occur in vascular development due to vasodilatation, loss of fluid and myocardial dysfunction.
Other mediators of inflammation activate other pathways: enzymes: triptaza and chimaza, proteoclicanii: heparin and chondroitin sulfate, chemokine and citokine.Impreuna these mediators activate other inflammatory cells: lymphocytes and eosinophils, which intensify and prolong the reaction.
Histamine is the most important substances released, its effects are mediated by receptor activation mediates vasodilation H1si H2.H1, muscle vasoconstriction H2, H1 stimulates the endothelium to produce NO.Efectele heart of histamine are determined by R-and H2 triggers H2.H1 glandular hypersecretion .
Causes
Anaphylaxis triggers include various substances:-Drugs: penincilina, aspirin, sulfonamidesInsect-venom-Certain foods: eggs, fish, seafood, berries, additives-Vaccines- Rubber and plastic products, textilesBlood transfusionsContrast-medical products.But anaphylaxis can be initiated by any allergen.
Risk factors:-Atopy, people who develop anaphylactic reaction have a medical history and other events that includes allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis-Form of administration of drugs potentially anaphylactic-mouth is the least involved-Asthma is a risk factor for a fatal anaphylactic reaction.