Consequences of smoking on fetal growth and development

Consequences of smoking on fetal growth and development

1. intrauterine growth retardation

A U.S. study shows that the prevalence of growth retardation is 17.7% if pregnant smoke throughout the pregnancy, from 15.4% in the first quarter smokes 2 and 3 of pregnancy and smokes only 7.2% in the first quarter of pregnancy. Nonsmoking women, average prevalence is 8.5%.

The relationship between the number of cigarettes daily and birth weight deficit is not linear. Even a small tobacco consumption affects fetal growth.
Consequences of smoking on fetal growth and development
Intrauterine growth retardation associated with smoking the weight, height, thorax perimeter and head perimeter. Effects of smoking on biparietal diameter visible since the 22nd week of amenorrhea in ultrasound.
 Consequences of smoking on fetal growth and development
Tobacco use during pregnancy decrease from 150 to 300 g birth weight
Passive smoking Decrease by 100 g
<5 cigarettes / day decrease of 100 g
> 20 cigarettes / day decrease of 400 g
Consequences of smoking on fetal growth and development
2. increased risk of malformations

Some birth defects are more common (greater risk of 1-2 fold) in children born to mothers who smoked during pregnancy. Among these defects, increased risk was detected labiopalatina slot, congenital heart disease, optic nerve hypoplasia, limb malformations, etc..
This risk is greater if consumption> 20 cigarettes / day.