Umbilical cord pathology

Umbilical cord pathology

    * Introduction
    * Abnormalities of the umbilical cord insertion
    * Abnormalities of the umbilical cord length
    * Tumors of the umbilical cord
    * Vascular Anomalies of the umbilical cord
    * Pathology accidental
The umbilical cord is an important element in the developing fetus, the blood supply that provides a permanently growing DURING pregnancy outcome.
At the time, blood flow reaches 300-350 cm3/min, which represents approximately 40% of fetal umbilical flow.

 
Elements of morphology of umbilical cord vessels means of protection is contained with the finality of the constant blood flow in placental circulation.

 
Umbilical vessels, two umbilical arteries and veins have a spiral trajectory, with a twisting clockwise or counterclockwise (50-90% of cases). It is considered that this aspect of the cylindrical helix with constant curvature and equidistant from the central axis, attenuates the effect of "blocking" of blood flow that occurs when torque.

 
Extracellular matrix, represented by Wharton's jelly, which is a specialized connective tissue (mucoid), and which, together with the internal connective tissue septa, includes blood vessels, protecting them.

 
Amniotic cord is covered by foil, which gives sliding surface.
Fluid environment that is cord (amniotic fluid) helps avoid compressions.

 
Generalized flexion attitude of the fetus provides a protective space for the cord.

 
The umbilical cord can be established for a disease which becomes manifest especially in labor, affecting fetus with a serious condition involving fetal circulation to fetal death.

 
Classification cord disorders:

 
Various aspects of cord pathology can be grouped into two categories:
1. Abnormal development a. abnormal insertion (marginal velamentoasa) b. abnormal length; c. tumors d. vascular anomalies.

 
2. Pathology accidental a. Circular; b. knots; c. prolapsing; d. thrombosis; e. rupture; f. twist; g. stenosis; h. edema.