Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most common form ofmuscular dystrophy, affecting about three boys in 1000. It is ahereditary disease with autosomal recessive transmission linkedto chromosome X. Therefore, Duchenne myopathy affects onlymale infants.
The disease is caused by a faulty gene which causes deficiency of a protein called dystrophin. The absence of dystrophin leads to theappearance of lesions of the membranes covering the muscle cells(myocytes), involving the degeneration and necrosis of musclefibers miocitara.
In some cases, the disease manifests dystrophy since the embryonic stage, but in others, it occurs after age 3 or 4 years.Affected children require more time to learn to walk than normal.They have a roll, or peaks and difficulty in climbing stairs, runningor lifting from the ground. Fall trend is pronounced.
After the first symptoms, the disease progresses rapidly. Notecontractures (involuntary contractions) and scoliza. Despite theweakness, muscle fibers appear hypertrophied by replacing thelost muscle or fat tissue. At age 12, children lose their ability towalk and are immobilized in a wheelchair. In one third of cases are found and impaired intellectual function (especially verbal skills).Generally, death occurs at 20 years due to respiratorycomplications and heart failure.
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