Esophageal Lymphoma

Esophageal Lymphoma

    * Introduction
    * Signs and symptoms
    * Diagnosis
    * Treatment
Primitive esophageal lymphoma is a rare pathological condition. In general, esophageal involvement is most often the result of the extension by continuity of malignancies of the stomach, cervical mediastinal or regional lymph nodes. People with this disorder shows variable clinical manifestations and have a negative prognosis.
Gastrointestinal lymphoma is quite met, about 10% of all lymphomas. The location of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma the most common is the intestinal tract, which is involved in 25% of patients during viatii and over 50% of patients found at autopsy. The most common localizations of lymphoma in the gastrointestinal tract is stomach-50%, small bowel, ileocaecal region, 37% and 12%. The esophagus is the least reached area with less than 1% of cases.
Prognosis in gastrointestinal lymphoma corresponding data indicate a variable mortality rate. Prognosis depends on stage of disease at diagnosis and the feasibility of surgery or chemotherapy. Mortality depends on the health of the patient, demonstrated the adverse prognosticele patients with HIV and lymphoma. Developments associated with a better status are generally good, the absence of opportunistic infections and the number of CD4 lymphocytes than 100/μL. In addition, patients with T cell limfon have a higher perforation rate and a lower survival compared to those with B-cell lymphoma
Age esophageal lymphoma is highly variable presentation, there are cases of patients 17 years and 86 years. Therapeutic option depends on the histological grade of tumor extension and involvement of the esophagus. Primitive initial therapy for esophageal lymphoma include chemotherapy, surgical resection and radiotherapy. They are combinations of resection and chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Pathogenesis
The diagnosis of esophageal lymphoma is divided into two categories based on place of origin. Most lymphomas that involve the esophagus adjacent organ involvement are secondary. In most cases the lymphoma is of distal esophageal tumor extending from the proximal stomach. Lymphoma occurs in the middle portion of the esophagus may be secondary to mediastinal lymph achieve. Third place is the discovery of tumors proximal esophagus, which may be extension of the cervical lymph nodes.
The etiology of esophageal lymphoma is unknown, however, HIV infections are a risk factor for development. Previous exposure to Epstein-Barr virus may play a role in the development of esophageal lymphoma.
Classification of five criteria to identify gastrointestinal lymphoma after Dawson includes: 1. There are no palpable superficial lymph nodes. 2. Chest radiograph is normal without evidence of lymphadenopathy. 3. CBC is normal. 4. Predominant lesions involving the gastrointestinal tract lymph nodes draining a specific segment. 5. There are no liver or spleen involvement.
Causes and risk factors.
The etiology of gastrointestinal lymphoma is unknown. HIV / AIDS are recognized as risk factors for developing esophageal lymphoma primitive Relationship risk of developing non-Hodgkin limfon for people infected with HIV is 104 times higher than people not infected with the virus. Epstein-Barr virus cause the majority of B-cell lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract, though its significance as a risk factor is controversial.