In ABO incompatibility 0i mother has blood type and the fetus can be IIA bIII, ABIV.Rarely has blood type B mother and fetus (saddle I). Matrno-fetal incompatibility group is the most common cause of neonatal jaundice.
Antigens A and B are present in fetal hamtiile third month of pregnancy, mature late (after 36 weeks) are located on erythrocytes as well and are very immunogenic extraeritrocitar (AI in particular).
Antibodies A (anti B) are:- Natural IgM antibodies that do not pass through plaventa but "sensitize" the fetal red blood cells that pass through maternal circulation, shortening their life;- IgG antibodies aimuni passing through the placenta.Antibodies are immune hetroimuni (after vaccinations, viruses, parasites) with Anita and alloimuni action (by contract).Antibodies can give hetroimuni hemolysis in newborns by cross-immunization (vaccine antigens, viruses, parasites act as antigen A).
ABO incompatibility hemolytic disease characteristics by- The infant may be affected by the first pregnancy;- Tritrul maternal antibodies is only partially correlated with maternal-fetal conflict;- Hemolytic disease not seen in premature infants under 36 weeks and postnatally manifested, therefore not earlier than the term abortion and intrauterine transfusion are not interventions.
Diagnostic criteria for ABO incompatibility jaundice hemolytic by:- Mother with blood group antibody serum 0i years (or anti-B);- Child with blood group A, B, AB;- Newborn jaundice presents early hepato-spleno-megalith free and pallor, anemia with reticulocytosis;- A smear is observed sferocite;- Antibodies are difficult to reveal (or dilution tests);- Diagnosis is made after excluding other causes of hemolysis.
Evolution is generally easier than Rh incompatibility.
Risk of kernicterus.
Treatment of jaundice in incompatibility group consists of gototerpaie, fenobarbilat possibly exchange transfusion.
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