Esophagitis

Esophagitis Esophagitis is an inflammation of the lining of the esophagus, duct that connects the throat to the stomach and leads alimentele.Cauzele esophagitis are: its acid irritation of the gastro-esophageal reflux, and infections caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or diseases that weaken the immune system. Left untreated esophagitis become uncomfortable, causing swallowing problems, ulcers and scars esofagiene.In rare cases can develop Barrett's esophagus is a precancerous stage of esophageal mucosa. Common symptoms include difficult swallowing, heartburn, ulcers and fissures of the mouth, feeling of food stuck in throat, nausea. Esophagitis occurring in 33-44% of the population, 10% of people have symptoms zilnice.Mortalitatea symptoms and morbidity resulting from esophagitis, pain can cause anxiety and difficulty munca.Complicatia place is the worst of esophagitis Barrett's esophagus, followed by strictures esofagian.Aspiratia adenocarcinoma and gastric content and pneumonia are complications especially in children. Surgery is indicated only when complications such as bleeding, obstruction, or perforation dehydration. Medications include antihistamines agents, coating agents, proton pump inhibitors.
Causes May be irritative or infectious esophagitis, reflux esophagitis irritation produced by the stomach acid content repeatedly, because: -Garaviditatii, obesity, scleroderma, smoking Gastro-esophageal reflux disease, fatty meals, chocolate, coffee, alcohol , Spices, soft drinks, mental retardation Spinal-cord injury, immunosuppression -NSAIDs, Ca channel blockers, beta-blockers -Chest radiotherapy, repeated vomiting, hiatal hernia, caustic substances Infectious esophagitis can be caused by: -Fungi: Candida: to develop when the immune system is suppressed (HIV / AIDS) -Viral herpes virus also develops in body immunosuppression, citomegalo virus. -Bacterial.
Signs and symptoms Symptoms of esophagitis include: Difficult or painful swallowing, Heartburn, retrosternal -Mouth ulcers and fissures -Feeling of food stuck in throat bowl -Nausea and vomiting.
Esophagitis complications include: Strictures-is-left scars after healing of esophageal mucosal lesions and muscle Adenocarcinoma, esophageal mucosa, the repeated insults lead to malignant change its Barrett's esophagus-is-a precancerous stage, the esophageal mucosal changes Re-perforation of the esophageal wall, damage leads to the formation of perforated ulcer -Aspiration pneumonia, aspiration of stomach contents into the lower airways.
Diagnosis Laboratory studies are unnecessary, if complications are present such as bleeding, haematemesis mouth protrudes, can be measured with the guaiac test. Imaging tests: -Radiography is useful only in cases of perforation, obstruction, bleeding Double-contrast barium-examination, when the first symptom is dysphagia Endoscopy allows direct-view-esophageal lesions -Emergency endoscopy in severe haematemesis and perforation Endoscopic-biopsy, when the etiology is suspected Barrett's esophagus or cancer.
Treatment Prophylaxis is recommended to avoid food triggers, or treating the disease. Medications include agents that reduce the production of acid reflux esopagian decrease or lining: -AntihistaminiceleH2: these agents reduce acid by blocking the release of histamine binding to specific receptor H2: ranitidine, famotidine, cimetidine -Protective agents: These drugs cover ulcerated surfaces and are mainly used for peptic ulcers, they form a viscous material deasipra protecting it from attack mucosal bile acid and pepsin ulcer: sucralfate Proton-pump inhibitors: omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole, esomeprazole. Patients with esophageal candida come antifungal therapy: fluconazole, itraconazole, ketoconazole or caspofungin.Cei with cytomegalovirus or herpes infection should be treated with antiviral drugs: acyclovir, valacyclovir, and foscarnet. Intrventiile laparoscopic or endoscopic surgery is indicated in bleeding abstructii, cancer, perforation.