Basal cell carcinoma

Basal cell carcinoma is the most common cancer in humans. Appears in the areas of chronic sun exposure. It has a slow and rarely metastasize but can cause clinically significant loala destruction and defacement if neglected or treated inappropriately. The prognosis is excellent with proper therapy.
Patients often have an ulcer that will not heal. The lesion appears on the face, scalp, neck or upper trunk. Trauma determine its easy bleeding. Basal cell carcinoma cause significant morbidity if she is allowed to progress. Because this cancer affects more than the head and neck is associated with cosmetic disfigurement. Loss of vision or eye damage can occur in orbit. Perineural extension may lead to loss of nerve function and enlargement of the tumor deep. These neoplasms are often brittle and prone to ulceration and therefore allow infection. Death by basal cell carcinoma is very rare.
Local therapy with chemotherapeutic and immunomodulatory agents is useful in cases of basal cell carcinoma. Small and superficial lesions usually respond to them. In addition can be used for prophylaxis and maintenance in patients prone to many carcinomas, such as those in basal cell nevus syndrome.Surgical treatment follows the destruction or removal of the tumor to prevent tumor tissue to proliferate. Most common method is surgical curettage, marginal excision with examination, Mohs micrographic surgery and radiotherapy. Occasionally radiation therapy is used to treat these tumors.
Incompletely treated basal cell carcinoma can recur. All treated areas should be monitored soup therapy. Persons with basal cell carcinoma were 30% risk of developing another carcinoma not associated with previous injury risk compared with the general population. Is encouraged to avoid sun exposure, avoiding environmental activities in the open between 10 am. 00 and 16. 00 and encouraged the use of sunscreen with a factor of over 30.
The pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma
Many researchers believe that cells derived from basal cell carcinoma pluripotentiale basal layer of the epidermis or follicular structures. These cells form continuously during life and can develop hair follicles, sebaceous glands and apocrine glands. Tumors develop from the epidermis and occasionally a hair root. Ultraviolet induced mutations in tumor suppressor genes.
Causes and Risk Factors
Ultraviolet radiation is the most important and common causes of basal cell carcinoma. Short waves band plays an important role in the formation of carcinoma from the UV-A. In addition, chronic sun exposure appears to be important in the development of basal cell carcinoma. A latent period of 20-50 years is typical in the ultraviolet damage and clinical onset of carcinoma.
Chronic exposure to arsenic is associated with the development of basal cell carcinoma. Exposure can be medicine, occupational or dietary. A contaminated water is the most common cause.
Immunosuppression is associated with a modest increase in risk of basal cell carciomului.
Xeroderma pigmentosum is an autosomal recessive disorder that predisposes to the rapid aging of the skin exposed to sunlight, starting with pigmentary changes and progression of basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma. The effects are due to inability to repair DNA alterations induced by the sun. Other features include corneal opacity, blindness and neurological deficits.
Basal cell nevus syndrome (Gorlin syndrome, nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome) shows the appearance of multiple basal cell carcinoma in autosomal dominant ways, with onset at a young age. It is associated with odontogenic keratochisti, calcifications and abnormalities palmoplantare coast. Different tumors can occur as medulloblastoma, meningiomas, and fetal rabdomiomul ameloblastomul.
Bazex syndrome is an X-linked dominant condition with follicular atrofodrma marks ("ice" especially on the dorsal hands, multiple basal cell carcinomas, local anhidrosis (lack of sweating) and congenital hipotrichoza.
Rombo syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by basal cell carcinomas and atrofoderma vermiculatum, trichoepitelioame, hipotrichozis milia and peripheral vasodilation with cyanosis.
History of nonmelanoma skin cancer: people with one nonmelanoma skin cancers are at increased risk of developing more in the future. The rate of developing new skin cancers is 35% at 3 years and 50% at 5 years after initial diagnosis of cancer.