Ataxia disorders

Ataxia disorders
Ataxia disorders include a range of clinical manifestations including ataxia, dysarthria, intentional tremor and dismetria. Cerebellar ataxia syndrome is an injury occurred in the cerebellum, its afferent and efferent pathways, spinal cord and characterized by disorders of coordination and posture.

 
Patients with mental problems, ataxia gait, slurred speech, vision, inability to coordinate movements of upper limbs, tremor of the hand to grab an object incearcarea (intentional tremor).

 
The causes that lead to ataxia disorders - Biochemical imbalance - Metabolic - Immunological abnormalities - Intoxication with alcohol, barbiturates, paints, mercury - Primary or metastatic tumors at cerebellar - Abscesses in the subtentoriala - Bleeding or subdural hematoma in the region infratentoriala - Cerebellar infarction - Cranio-cerebral injuries with occipital head

 
When locating signs of neurological symptoms, impaired consciousness and occipital headache accompanied by cranial nerve paresis and weakness of the opposite side, then the most likely cause is the replacement process of space located in the cerebellar fossa.

 
If symptoms when it occurs slowly and insidiously cause is a metabolic or biochemical imbalance.

 
In case of acute onset of symptoms, intoxication with alcohol or other substances like barbiturates, diphenylhydantoin, toluene, paint, are likely to cause disturbances.

 
Subacute onset (in weeks) is due to the effect of toxic substances (usually alcohol) and malnutrition (in particular deficiency of vitamins B1 and B12). If the cause ataxiilor metabolic or hereditary disorders slowly and becomes permanent.

 
Other causes of progressive ataxia and focal neurological signs are cerebellar vascular lesions, cerebellar edema, rostral brain stem herniation, cerebellar tonsillar herniation through the occipital hole (emergency neurosurgical), lymphoma or progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, acute multiple sclerosis.

 
Cerebellar Ataxiile can be divided into two categories: acquired and inherited.
      
Acquired ataxia disorders

 
These disorders occur as a result of damage to the cerebellum and horses spinocerebeloase by trauma, infection, processes that substitute space for bleeding, tumors, or intracerebral pressure from increasing. Symptoms arising from these causes has a relatively rapid onset with cerebellar symptoms the same side as the affected portion of the cerebellum, including alteration of consciousness, paralysis of cranial nerves VI and VII. In tumors, the deficits gradually evolve, depending on the tumor growth rate. There is a special situation that develops in tumors outside the brain and cause degeneration of the cerebellum vermisului paraneoplazic through a process mediated by antibodies. In AIDS patients, they may develop an acute ataxia syndrome induced progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.

 
Other acquired causes of ataxia disorders are: - Metabolic disorders like hypothyroidism, hyponatremia, deficiency of vitamin B1 and B12 - Phenytoin poisoning, bismuth, lithium, mercury, organic solvents; - Treatment with chemotherapy; - Congenital lesions: type I Chiari malformation (the brain stem compression, congenital dilatation of the fourth ventricle due to blockage of CSF drainage in Dandy-Walker syndrome - Infectious diseases: syphilis meningeeana touch, rear syphilis - Lyme disease - infectious disease caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted by tick bite, and besides many other things that cause facial paralysis and limb - Viral infections with polio virus, Coxsackie, echo, Epstein-Barr virus, toxoplasmosis, Legionella, and infection with prion protein responsible for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

Hereditary Ataxiile

 
Ataxiile hereditary descendants can be transmitted either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive, or mitochondrial mutations.

Ataxiile autosomal dominant

 
This category includes a variety of other conditions:
- Spinocerebeloasa ataxia type 1 - Spinocerebeloasa ataxia type 2 - Machado-Joseph disease or ataxia type 3 spinocerebeloasa

Ataxiile autosomal recessive
- Friedreich Ataxia - Ataxia-telangiectasia - Mitochondrial ataxia (cerebellar syndromes coexist with mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Some of these mutations cause ataxia.) - Xeroderma pigmentosum - Cockayne Syndrome - Marinescu-Sjogren syndrome