Facial nerve paralysis

Facial nerve paralysis

    * Introduction
    * Clinical
    * Treatment
Facial nerve (or nerve VII) innervating all the muscles involved in facial expressions. Nerve nucleus has its origin at the lower end of protuberantei. The path or intrapietros, emits a nerve branch innervating the middle ear muscle footpeg. At the exit of the hole stilomastoidiana emerges from facial sensory branch of the external ear canal, posterior auricular sensory branch, a branch for the digastric muscle and a muscle stilohioidian threaded.
When passing through the parotid gland, the nerve divides into two branches: - Or higher ram temporofacialul innervating muscles that front, orbicular eyelid, cheek muscles, muscles of the upper lip and nose wing. - Cervicofacialul ram or below, which is distributed muscles of the lower lip, the chin and neck muscle leather.

 
As to the touch, ensuring the facial nerve sensitivity (through the intermediary of Wrisberg) taste sensitivity of the ear canal for the past two thirds of the tongue. May innervating nerve also mandibular gland, sublingual gland and tears, assuring the secretory function of these glands.

Causes

 
There are many causes that can lead to paralysis of the facial nerve:

- Facial paralysis the most common infections are those caused by viral etiology, infection favored by cold and wet.

- Bridge the VII nerve paralysis can occur in the context of infections, tumors or vascular causes. The nucleus of facial nerve injury is acute form monosimptomatica previous polio.

- In the region between the bulge and internal auditory canal nerve VII may be violated during basilar meningitis in skull base tumors or pontocerebelos angle tumors (acoustic neurinomul). If there is a combination of acoustic neurinomului facialului paralysis with paralysis of the external oculomotor and trigeminal nerve may occur homolateral cerebellar syndrome and a syndrome acusticovestibular.

- The internal auditory canal nerve can be injured in a base of skull fractures in neurinomul syphilis or acoustic. He also otitis, mastoiditele or mastoid surgery may contribute to paralysis facialului.

- In the path through the parotid gland, the nerve can be injured in the lodge parotid gland tumors in the facial trauma such as cutting the nerve can be severed when faiul with parotid gland.
Other causes of paralysis of facialului are: infections such as syphilis, infection with influenza, diphtheria, typhoid fever, herpes zoster, diabetes or primary poliradiculonevritei cursu.