Dystonia (muscle cramp) - Signs and symptoms

Cervical dystonia or torticollis is the most common focal dystonia.Upper limb dystonia cause muscle cramps and abnormal position of the mind, fingers and elbow, leading to inability to perform certain movements. Lower limb dystonia occurs in stroke or dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome, leading to abnormal position of the leg pain with altered bone development. Musculorum deformans dystonia is the term used to define generalized dystonia of the limbs and trunk. Tardive dyskinesia or dystonia is a common complication of long-term therapy with antipsychotic dopamine receptor antagonism. The precise mechanism is unknown but the risk seems to increase with age.
Torticollis or cervical dystonia.Focal dystonia is most commonly found. It has an insidious onset in people 30-60 years and affects mostly women. Intermittent muscle spasms in the neck or head movements due to abnormal contractions of the sternocleidomastoid, trapeze and post-cervical muscles. This effect and lead to a repetitive pattern of movement that cause twisting spasmodic head extension, flexion or laterality to shoulder. One or more of these movements can occur simultaneously. Patients accused psychiatric symptoms associated with depression or anxiety.
Upper limb dystonia.This causes cramps and abnormal position of the elbow, the hand and fingers, leading to inability to perform certain occupational requirements. The literature describes at least 55 people are occupations that affects this condition. A common dystonia is writer's cramp or grafospasmul. This manifests as hyperextension or hiperflexia fingers and wrist triggered by repetitive activities such as SIRS or singing at the piano or another instrument. After the demise of the spasm subsides.
Lower limb dystonia.Appears in stroke or dystonia-parkinsonism syndrome and lead to abnormal position of the leg pain, weight loss and altered bone development.
Oromandibulare and lingual dystonia.Oromandibulare dystonia, facial and lingual are grouped together because of their coexistence. Cranial dystonia known as Meige syndrome is the most common dystonia craniocervicala. Women are more susceptible and onset is after the sixth decade of life.
Dystonia musculorum deformans.It is the term used to describe a generalized form of the disease involving the trunk and limbs. At least two types are described, and the onset is in childhood or adolescence as abnormal movement of a member after an activity. Movement progresses in severity and frequency until it becomes a continuous twisting body spasm.At first, rest relieves spasms as the disease progresses, however, activity level and position does not affect the dystonia. Shoulder, trunk and pelvis suffered spasmodic twists. Hands similarly affected aunt. Orofacial muscles may be affected leading to dysarthria and dysphagia.
Dystonia or tardive dyskinesia.It is a common complication of long-term antipsychotic therapy in dopamine receptor antagonism. The precise mechanism is unknown, but the risk seems to increase with age. When medication is discontinued treatment early in dystonia may be reversible, while after 6 months of exposure dystonia persists indefinitely. Clinical characteristics of tardive dystonia choreoathetosis include abnormal movements, particularly involving the face and mouth in adults: blepharospasm, torticollis, dystonia and limbs in children oromandibulara.
Disease progressionDepending on the cause of dystonic contractions may lead to an evolution of chronic and persistent pain with severe disability.Because each type of dystonia is treated in different manner, the difference between various types of treatment is important.Pseudodistoniile comprise a group of motor problems that are similar to the dystonic. In this category, Sandifer syndrome, stiff man syndrome and Isaac's syndrome.Functional impact of dystonia varies from barely notifiable until severe disability. Dystonia may have a profound effect on personal and emotional life of his patient and the possibility of being independent.