Plummer-Vinson syndrome

Plummer-Vinson syndrome

    * Introduction
    * Signs and symptoms
    * Diagnosis
    * Treatment
Plummer-Vinson syndrome defined as Paterson-Kelly syndrome, Waldenstrom-Kjellberg, dysphagia or nasoparingopatia sideropenic sideropenic is a pathological condition that occurs in long-term iron deficiency anemia. People with this disorder are dysphagia due to esophageal ring-thin tissue proliferation in the form of ring that partially blocks the transport of food through the esophagus.
The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unknown. Genetic factors and the lack of certain nutrients may play a role. It is a rare condition often associated with esophageal cancer. Affects mostly middle-aged people, women and occasionally children. Mark There is a preponderance of women. Risk factors for onset Plummer-Vinson by iron deficiency include inadequate diet, or bleeding, esophageal rings. These rings are small extensions of the normal esophageal tissue mucosa and submucosa containing only. It can occur anywhere along the esophagus. In Plummer-Vinson syndrome occurring in the classic postcricoidiana previous upper esophagus. The rings are more common in women and are linked to a predisposition to lose body iron.
The clinical picture usually does not include pain, only intermittent dysphagia. Dysphagia for solids tends to manifest itself, but untreated it progresses to soft foods and even liquids. Dysphagia can lead to weight loss, a sign of the severity of the condition. Are there signs of iron deficiency anemia: lethargy, fatigue, dyspnoea and exercise. It may be noted if anemia is pallor and marked tachycardia. The patient may present koilonichie (spoon-shaped nails), angular Cheilitis and glossitis.
Iron and vitamin C supplementation long term correction of the bleeding causes iron loss is an important factor in controlling the disease. You can use the endoscope or esophageal dilatation balloon for patients with persistent dysphagia. Complications of the disease include the development of carcinoma or carcinoma postcricoid esophagitis. Correction of iron deficiency will cure the disease if not installed carcinoma. Prevention of iron deficiency prevents disease.
Pathogens. Etiopathogenic mechanisms postulated include iron and nutritional deficits, genetic predisposition and autoimmune factors.
Iron deficiency in the body and triggers the theory is the Plummer-Vinsaon syndrome is still controversial. Earlier studies involving iron deficiency in the pathogenesis of esophageal rings and dysphagia in individuals prone. Depletion of iron-dependent oxidative enzymes may produce myasthenic changes in muscles involved in the mechanism deglutiei, esophageal mucosal atrophy and formation of rings as epithelial complications. Improvement of dysphagia after iron administration to give reasons for the association between iron deficiency and dysphagia postcricoidiana. Yet studies show no link between dysphagia and anemia or sideropenic postcricoidiana. Other studies have shown that patients with rings are prone to iron deficiency as the control groups, and rings are often found in patients without iron deficiency and dysphagia. Iron deficiency theory does not explain the predilection for the esophagus and upper rings rare syndrome in populations where chronic iron deficiency is endemic.
Autoimmune phenomenon. Syndrome has been associated with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, pernicious anemia, celiac disease and thyroiditis.
This complicated heterotopic gastric mucosa is also involved in the pathogenesis of Plummer-Vinson syndrome. An island of ulcerated gastric mucosa can lead to esophageal strictures and bleeding secondary to iron deficiency. However, most studies have not demonstrated biopsy gastric metaplasia.
Causes and risk factors. The cause of Plummer-Vinson syndrome is unclear. Etiopathogenic mechanisms proposed include nutritional deficiencies and iron deficiency, genetic predisposition and autoimmune conditions.
Proposed risk factors include: Iron-deficiency through diet low in iron and bleeding losses -Presence of esophageal rings -Female sex, gastric mucosa heterotopia Autoimmune diseases-present: tiroiditele, celiac disease, pernicious anemia, rheumatoid arthritis.