Nerve cells affected by Parkinson's disease are located in an area called the substantia nigra (black substance) of the brain. Thesecells produce dopamine, a neurotransmitter that allows control ofmovement.
The black substance of cell death, Parkinson's disease creates ashortage of dopamine. Normally, control of movements is the result of a balance between the amount of acetylcholine and dopamine(another neurotransmitter). The loss of this balance, resultingtremor, rigidity and loss of coordination.
Cause progressive loss of neurons in Parkinson's diseaseremains unknown, however. Scientists indicate an associationbetween environmental factors and genetics.
Environmental factors:
- Early or prolonged exposure to chemical contaminants orpesticides (herbicides and insecticides)
- consumption of drugs (MPTP) can cause signs and symptoms ofParkinson's disease - the drug has a similar effect of pesticides
- neuroleptic drugs (phenothiazines) or substances that blockdopamine receptors
- carbon monoxide poisoning or manganese
- hydrocephalus, brain tumors, subdural hematoma, Wilson's disease, idiopathic degenerative disorder
Genetics:
- all known genetic causes explain less than 5% of cases ofParkinson's
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