Polio - Treatment

There are no antiviral active against polio. Treatment is only supportive. Analgesia is indicated in myalgia and headache.Mechanical ventilation is frequently required in patients with bulbar involvement. Tracheostomy is necessary in patients requiring long-term ventilator support. Gymnastics therapy is helpful in paralytic cases. It is common practice to avoid mobilizing the development of chronic decubitus ulcers. Passive and active exercise are shown in the phase of convalescence. Fecal impaction and paralytic disease is common should be treated with laxatives.
Rehabilitation therapy.Physical therapy plays an important role in rehabilitation of patients with polio. Patients with muscle paralysis benefit from physical activity schemes and attaching passive splint to prevent stiffness of their joints. Gymnastics therapy helps patients with severe bulbar chest to prevent pulmonary complications, such as atelectaziile.Frequent repositioning of the paralyzed patient to help prevent pressure sores.
There is no specific treatment for polio out special gym that helps survival, change and improve the prognosis of disability.Prevention is the key to treatment of poliomyelitis. The development of effective vaccines in tissue culture of human embryonic kidney cells and monkey are the main achievements.
Vaccinoterapia in polio.There are two types of vaccines to prevent polio: the inactivated and the attenuated parenterally administered orally. Inactivated vaccine was first available in the market and managed since 1950.Or major advantage is that it contains inactivated virus and is therefore not associated with the outbreak of polio postvaccination. This vaccine is administered when the individual is age 2 months, 4 months and 6-12 months. Today is included in various combinations of vaccines.
Trivalent oral polio vaccine used in 1960. Immunization with this type of vaccine is responsible for lower prevalence of disease worldwide. The advantages of this formula is to induce mucosal immunity and low cost. The disadvantage is the association with paralytic polio after vaccination. Although the virus is inactivated in this formulation can occasionally become neurotropic and cause illness similar to wild virus. Trivalent oral vaccine is administered in developing countries when individuals reach the age of 2 months, 4 months and 6 months and booster at four years old.Vaccine is contraindicated in immunocompromised children and those whose caregivers are immunocompromised. The risk of developing polio is present in those individuals receiving the vaccine and are immunocompromised.
Prognosis.Bulbar paralytic poliomyelitis is associated with the highest rate of complications and a mortality of 60%. Patients with abortive polio or inaparenta recover without sequelae. Among acute poliomyelitis infection shows only 4-8% and 1-2% nonspecific disease cause neurological symptoms. Incidence of paralytic disease increases with young age, advanced age, recent exercise, tonsillectomy, pregnancy and diseases with impaired B lymphocyte acute paralytic polio mortality is 5-10%, but may reach 20-60% in casesbulbar involvement.