Saturday, January 22, 2011

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

    
* Introduction
    
* Causes and Risk Factors
    
* Signs and symptoms
    
* Diagnosis
    
* Treatment
Bacterial Gastroenteritis is a condition very common. It has many causes and varies from mild to severe. It usually manifests with symptoms of vomiting, nausea, diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Other causes of these symptoms include viral infection, improper diet, malabsorption syndromes, enteropathy and inflammatory bowel disease. Bacterial gastroenteritis is usually self-limited but adequate medical control leads to a shorter evolution.
Bacterial enteritis is a very common problem in emergency therapy especially in children under 5 years. Diarrhoea has over 5% of presentations to the doctor and 10% of hospitalizations in this age group. Gastroenteritis is very common medical unreported adult groups. Traveler's diarrhea affects 20-50% of people traveling from industrialized countries to developing ones. Million children worldwide are affected by diarrhea each year. In underdeveloped countries where sanitation conditions are inadequate may develop bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis with significant mortality.
Most infections do not affect discriminative diarrhea depending on the sex yet women have a higher incidence of Campylobacter infections with hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Yersinia species infect almost exclusively children under 1 year and Aeromonas species are a significant cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in young children. Very young children are particularly succeptibili secondary to dehydration and malabsorption.
Dehydration is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the case of gastroenteritis. Malnutrition is a sign of a chronic process. The secondary development due to intolerance to carbohydrates. Abdominal pain is a common symptom in gastroenteritis. It is nonspecific and nonfocala form of cramps. Borborismentele intestinal peristaltic activity by increasing hidroaerice cause audible noise. Perianal erythema which result from many seats semimucoasa perianal irritation.
Because most are self-limiting infectious diarrhea is the nature of supportive medical care. Oral rehydration therapy is the primary step. Young children and infants are at increased risk of secondary complications and require careful monitoring, as well as older people. Consider intravenous hydration if the mouth is not effective. Antimicrobial therapy is indicated for certain bacterial gastroenteritis. However, many conditions are self-limiting and require no therapy. Antiperistaltici agencies not suitable for infectious diarrhea. Administration of Lactobacillus GC and LB live and heat-treated that reduce duration of diarrhea in children. Diarrhea and vomiting are common so do not really encourage potential mortality and morbidity associated with bacterial gastroenteritis. Bacterial gastroenteritis is the second leading cause of mortality in the world.
Pathogenesis and causes.
Bacteria use different mechanisms to cause a pathological response. Invasive bacteria cause abscesses and mucosal ulceration with an inflammatory cascade secumdara. Bacterial toxins and enteral extraenterale control processes. For example, thermally stable and heat labile enterotoxins of Escherichia coli activates adenylate cyclase and guanylate cyclase enterally. Verotoxin, which is caused by species of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Shigella can cause systemic diseases such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome and seizures. Other noninvasive bacteria adhere to the intestinal wall cause inflammation. Organisms such as Escherichia coli and Clostridium enterica are normal flora but can become pathogenic.

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