Monday, January 24, 2011

Pulmonary Tuberculosis - TB

Pulmonary Tuberculosis - TB

    
* Introduction
    
* Transmission of tuberculosis
    
* Signs and symptoms
    
* Risk Factors
    
* Diagnosis
    
* Treatment
    
* Prevention
Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis, called bacillus Koch. The most common form of tuberculosis attacks the lungs (pulmonary tuberculosis), where bacteria destroy tissues and creates cavities. In extrepulmonara tuberculosis, the bacteria attack other parts of the body - bone, kidney, lymph nodes, meninges and central nervous system. There disseminated tuberculosis, the bacteria spread through the bloodstream and attack the whole body.
Tuberculosis has long been a public health problem. In the nineteenth century, the disease was responsible for one third of deaths in Europe. With the discovery of TB antibiotics, in the 1940s, it was believed that TB will be completely eradicated. After a steady decline in incidence in developed countries, which continued until 80 years, now finds breakthrough disease, especially the homeless, intravenous drug users and patients infected with HIV. Currently, there are 8 million cases of symptomatic tuberculosis and 3 million deaths recorded each year. Thus, infectious TB is the second leading cause of death in the world, just doing more AIDS victims. It is estimated that one third of the world population is infected with the bacillus of Koch, and from about 5 to 10% of these latent infection progresses to a form of active disease.
Increasing incidence of tuberculosis worldwide is due to a number of factors: the increasing number of immigrants from countries where TB is endemic, AIDS epidemic, the emergence of resistant bacterial strains tuberculostatics. TB strains resistant to some drugs have been identified in all countries studied by WHO. A particularly dangerous form of TB is tuberculosis or MDRTB chimiorezistenta (in English, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis). In developed countries, TB incidence is higher in the elderly, while in countries with low economic level, the disease is most common among young people. Elderly are more vulnerable to TB infection due to reactivation of latent, as weakening the immune system, along with age.
From a public health perspective, incomplete or inappropriate treatment is particularly dangerous. When patients fail to take prescribed medication, dosage or interrupt treatment did not comply before the deadline, they may remain infectious, and the bacteria can develop resistance to drugs. The people can become infected, in turn, will wear a form of tuberculosis chimiorezistenta.

    
* Transmission of tuberculosis
    
* Signs and symptoms
    
* Risk Factors
    
* Diagnosis
    
* Treatment
    
* Prevention

1 comment:

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