Dysentery (Shigelloza)

Dysentery (Shigelloza)

    * Introduction
    * Signs and symptoms
    * Treatment
Shigellosis is caused by a bacteria called Shigella group, which causes bacillary dysentery. There are several types of Shigella: S. Dyzenteriae, S.flexneri, S.sonnei, S. boydii. Shigellosis is a widespread disease worldwide enterica, and tends to be in December, especially during launch wars, natural disasters or in unsanitary living conditions. The disease is more common in children between 6 months and 5 years, travelers, refugees living in camps in developing countries. People infected with the bacterium removed by a chair on the ground, contaminates food and water, and sent to others by oral-fecal. The most common symptoms are: acute abdominal pain, sudden fever, watery diarrhea with blood, mucus, rectal tenesmus, nausea and vomiting. Treatment using anti-diarrheal drugs, antibiotics, rehydration and electrolyte rebalancing. The infection is usually mild and self-limiting. Most patients, except for the malnourished and immunosuppressed, have an excellent prognosis. Prevention consist of a hygienic and safe storage and handling of food and water potabile.Spalatul the hands is the most effective method.
Pathogenesis and causes Shigella species are Gram-negative bacillary bacteria, aerobic, which ferments glucose, and a highly acidic gastric juice resistant contagiozitate.Sunt by a small amount of bacteria that cause infection. The mechanisms by which Shigella infects the human body are: Epitelilui-colonic invasion, depending on the virulence-factor plasmid Enterotoxin-production-which is essential for colitis but increased virulence. After infection germ proliferate in the intestinal lumen mucoasa.Aderenta bacteria colonize the intestinal wall is favored by maimmulte active mechanisms: -Chemotaxis By structure-specific adhesion attachment: fimbriata, pili. After accession will be endocitate mucoasei.Bacteriile invasion of enterocytes, where it will multiply and cause acute inflammation of the mucosa that may progress until ulceratie.Apare redness, swelling, ulceration and intraluminal exudate. The second mechanism uses the Shiga toxin, a potent inhibitor of protein synthesis, acting secretagogues watery diarrhea and neuro-explaining, explaining seizures in early infection. Body is transmitted by fecal-oral, contaminated food and water.
Risk Factors The infection spreads easily among people who live together or share certain areas or objects: -Kindergartens, refugee camps, or residents Care institutions as old people, people with mental health problems Hands-Poor hygiene, drinking water Nedezinfectate-toilets, swimming pools -Crews of naval vessels, military camps -Developing countries Oral-anal-sex -Children between 6 months and 5 years old and immunosuppressed persons.