Oral Candidiasis

Candidiasis describes a group of fungal infections involving skin and mucous membranes. Infection is caused by species of Candida, especially Candida albicans. The most common classification of oral candidiasis infection divided into four types including acute pseudomembranous candidosis, acute atrophic candidiasis, chronic candidiasis hyperplasia and chronic atrophic candidiasis. Hyperplasia, chronic candidiasis was then divided in 4 groups depending on location and endocrine involvement: chronic oral candidiasis (leucoplakia candozica), endocrine candidiasis syndrome, chronic localized mucocutaneous candidiasis and diffuse chronic candidiasis. Erythematous candidiasis is the term used for red lesions of candidiasis.
Candidiasis is a disease predominantly of older people or those immunosuppressed by medication chemotherapy, HIV infection, long-term antibiotic therapy, chronic diseases: diabetes, immune deficiencies, neoplasms. If corticosteroids or antibiotics is the cause of candidiasis is advisable to reduce the dose or change in treatment. If the fund because of the condition is not known or can not be avoided it is recommended systemic or topical antifungal therapy. In patients with severe immunosuppression is important to prevent extension of infection and colonization of other areas. Oropharyngeal region is the main source of colonization and allow secondary spread of infection. Resistance to azole antifungals is a well known problem, especially in people with HIV infection and other immunosuppressive conditions. We recommend changing antifungal used. The prognosis is good for most immunocompetent hosts, but in immunocompromised patients is common antifungal resistance.
The pathogenesis of oral candidiasis Candida albicans is the organism most predominant cause thrush. Other species, including Candida krusei occur in severely immunocompromised persons. Candida glabrata is an issue in the growth of oropharyngeal candidiasis in patients receiving radiation therapy for head and neck cancer. In patients with HIV have been known and new species such as Candida dubliniensis and Candida inconspicua. Candida albicans is a harmless commensal of the human body and especially your mouth at over 50% of the population is still very favorable terms opportunistic pathogen. One such alteration is favoring the normal bacterial flora of oral cavity or reducing immune defense.
Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis. It is seen in healthy infants or those in which treatment with antibiotics, corticosteroids, or xerostomia altering oral microbial flora. Complications occasionally use corticosteroid inhalers. Immunodeficiencies, HIV infection, immunosuppressive therapy, leukemia, lymphoma, cancer and diabetes are more prone to candida infection.
Erythematous candidiasis. It can cause ulcers and fissures on the tongue and especially in patients with broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. It can also be a feature of HIV infection. Median rhomboid glossitis is a red patch on the middle of the face back in two thirds of the tongue before and is mostly seen in smokers and those with HIV.
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis. Describes a group of rare syndromes that include an immune defect, in which persistent mucocutaneous candidiasis responds poorly to topical treatment. In general how to be more severe candidiasis is more likely to both identify an immunological defect.
Causes and risk factors for oral candidiasis Family members in Candidiasis Candida are causative organisms. Secretion of antimicrobial proteins and peptides is low in the saliva of patients with oral candidiasis.
Factors which favor candidiasis include: Carrier-state is more common in women than in men and in summer months High-rate carrier status is seen in immunocompromised, blood group antigens A and lack of salivary secretion Carrier-state is higher for saliva acid Xerostomia increases the carrier-state -Use of psychotropic drugs that cause dry mouth Micelles, the amount is increased during sleep and decreases in food and brushing teeth Smoking increases the state-run carrier, increases the risk of infection in people with HIV, especially cause multifocal candidosis and median rhomboid glossitis Therapy with tetracycline Oral microbial flora-imbalance by bacterial suppression, impaired salivary flow, immune defects -Topical corticosteroid therapy, systemic or adhering -Diabetes mellitus.