Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)

Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu)

    * Introduction
    * Pathogenesis and causes
    * Signs and symptoms
    * Diagnosis
    * Treatment
Acute gastroenteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Diarrhea is estimated to be in the top 5 causes of death in the world, most often interested in small children and non-industrialized countries. Diarrheal disease in industrialized countries is a significant cause of morbidity in all age groups.
Etiologies include bacteria, viruses, parasites, toxins and drugs. Viruses are responsible for a significant proportion of cases of people affected by any age. Viral gastroenteritis ranges from self-limited diarrheal illness associated with anorexia, vomiting, nausea, malaise or fever prior to admission to hospital with severe dehydration and even death. Clinicians divide acute viral gastroenteritis in three categories. The first is sporadic gastroenteritis in children, which is most often caused by rotavirus. The second is epidemic gastroenteritis occurring in semi-enclosed community (families, institutions, maritime vessels, vacation spots) or as a result of pathogens food or water. Most infections are caused by calcivirusuri. The third category is sporadic adult acute gastroenteritis caused most often by calcivirusuri, rotaviruses, or adenovirusuri astrovirusuri.
Norovirusurile cause acute gastroenteritis 23 million each year and are the dominant cause of gastroenteritis. They are responsible for 80% of outbreaks in industrialized countries. Norovirus genus called Norwalk-like virus is a member of the family Calciviridae. Norovirusurile sunht to recognize common causes of gastroenteritis in care homes, cruise ships and in immunocompromised patients.
Frequency is seasonal. The increased incidence of cases of rotavirus is up in November-April. Outbreaks of norovirus are common in summer months. Rotavirus is the most common etiologic agent of diarrhea in children. Clinical spectrum of acute gastroenteritis ranges from symptomatic infection to severe dehydration and death. Acute gastroenteritis prodrome shows typical short, mild fever and vomiting, followed by 1-4 days of diarrhea without blood, watery. Viral gastroenteritis is usually self-limiting.
Severe cases are seen in the elderly, and immunosuppressed children, including transplant patients. Rotavirus gastroenteritis in children is an important cause of mortality in developing countries inflantila. Calcivirusurile can kill more people than rotavirisul. Norovirusurile are the most common cause of gastroenteritis in care homes. Treatment is based on rotavirus diarrhea reinlocuirea lost fluids and electrolytes, depending on the degree of dehydration. Oral rehydration therapy is recommended to prevent dehydration. Shock, severe dehydration and decreased consciousness require intravenous intervention. Probiotics help improve the balance between intestinal microflora. It is administered lactobacilli.