Irradiation of intestinal lesions

    * Introduction
    * Pathogenesis
    * Causes and Risk Factors
    * Signs and symptoms
    * Diagnosis
    * Treatment
Radiation therapy is a treatment component of recurrent abdominal and pelvic neoplasms. Patients are irradiated before or after surgery for various malignancies, including those of colorectal, urological and gynecological. Over 50% of patients with pelvic malignancies are candidates for radiation therapy to treat primary or recurrent disease.
While the benefits of this therapy are well established, destruction of healthy tissue, nonmalign can be severe. The rectum is injured frequently because it is fixed to the pelvis. Those application are the chances postoperative pelvic irradiation succeptibile in damage. Although the exact incidence remains controversial, radiation enteritis is increasing and was estimated to 2-5% of patients receiving abdominal or pelvic therapy. The prevalence varies from 0. 5-37% depending on the technique of radiation dose received, the field of irradiation.
Early symptoms may occur several hours after treatment, at least for months or years after treatment ended. Early presentation include anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, rectal tenesmus and mucoid debacluri, rectal bleeding. Late presentation is usually insidious and occurs years after therapy. The most common symptom is abdominal colic pain due to partial intestinal obstruction, with nausea and vomiting, watery diarrhea, chronic or steatorrhea, malabsorption, bacterial overpopulation and development of fistulas.
Prevention is the only important element in the control of radiation injuries. Although pretreatment dose calculation is important, they were replaced by computer calculations. Three-dimensional treatment planning was more accurate and safer. A decrease in radiation by 10% with an increase in life can significantly reduce adverse effects without affecting the total dose of irradiation. Pretreatment barium barium studies performed to determine how much of the intestine is in the pelvis are useful. To decrease radiation healthy organs of the body to study different positions and ways to minimize radiation in normal tissue.
We study also some innovative pharmacological therapies. These include the administration of antioxidants such as vitamin E and vitamin E similar compounds, octreotide, epidermal growth factor, growth hormone, nitric oxide, etc. The natural radiation enteritis is difficult to assume because of lack of information about these patients. Frequently they die by primitive neoplasm. Reports show that 50% of patients with malignancies and radiation-induced enteritis survive more than three months after surgery. They were observed for 12 months with a favorable evolution. The remaining patients had persistent symptoms, developing complications. Supravituire rate at 5 years is 40%.