Lactose Intolerance
Lactose intolerance, also called lactase deficiency consists in the inability to fully digest milk sugar (lactose). Lactose intolerance is usually not dangerous, but his symptoms are bad enough to convince people with lactase deficiency should not consume dairy products.

 
Lactose intolerance is due to lack of lactase, an enzyme produced by small intestine mucosa. Lactase breaks down lactose to be absorbed into the bloodstream. Lactase deficiency leads to an inability to absorb and break down milk sugar.

 
Some people are convinced that they suffer from lactose intolerance, lactose digestion, but actually is made in normal conditions. Others have a low level of lactase and still suffer from lactose intolerance. Only people with low lactase levels and symptoms of lactose intolerance diagnosis.

 
We must distinguish between intolerance and allergy to a particular food. Lactose intolerance does not involve the immune system, as in an allergy and not necessarily need to completely avoid milk derivatives. Symptoms of lactose intolerance can be controlled with a diet that limit the intake of calcium and lactose-free to eliminate using nutritional supplements.
Causes and pathogenesis Lactose is a macromolecular carbohydrate composed of two molecules, one glucose and one of galactoza.Pentru as lactose to be absorbed in the intestine must first divided into two continute.Enzima that converts lactose molecule is called lactase, and is located at the cell surface intestinal mucosa. Lactose intolerance is caused by the lack of the enzyme, or its low activity on lactose. Osmotic load that occurs once in the accumulation of lactose in the intestinal lumen causes increased secretion of fluid and electrolytes until osmotic equilibrium is reached. Expansion accelerated intestinal transit is determined by induced osmosis, which increases the degree of maldigestie.In intestine unabsorbed lactose is fermented by colonic bacteria to short-chain fatty acids and hydrogen liber.Combinatia between the amount of fluid, intestinal transit accelerated and cause symptoms hydrogen gastrointestinal. Lactase deficiency can occur in three situations: Congenital lactose-intolerant Secondary-intolerant Primary-intolerant. Congenital lactose intolerance involves absence of the enzyme lactase at birth due to a mutation in the gene encoding an extremely rare lactazei.Este deficit and symptoms begins soon after birth. Secondary causes lactose intolerance or gain develops in people with normal bowel, secondary to disease: Celiac-sprue, acute gastroenteritis, Crohn's disease -Giardiasis, ascardioza, radiation enteritis -Diabetic gastropathy, carcinoid syndrome, Wipple-syndrome, HIV Enteropathy, Kwashiorkor -Chemotherapy gastrinom. Primary intolerance develops during childhood and persists in adult life, is a form of hipolactazie-enzyme is found in low cantiotati. This decrease in the level of lactase is genetically programmed in certain ethnic groups.
Signs and symptoms Severity of symptoms varies from person to person due to different amount of lactose intake and lactase deficiency. Common symptoms are gastrointestinal: diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating, flatulence and rarely, ringing aerice fluid, and appear greata.Acestea 30 minutes to 2 hours after meals, or consumption of beverage consumption often lactoza.Cel Milk determine clinical manifestations, and in mild cases the symptoms stop acetuia stops.
Diagnosis Laboratory diagnosis of lactose intolerance is based on the following tests: -Lactose tolerance test measures the amount of glucose in the blood after consumption of lactose, it has a specificity of 96% False-negative results occur in diabetes and colon bacterial overpopulation -Tolerance test, administration of milk consumed 500 ml of milk and measure blood glucose levels -Lactose breath test is administered to measure the concentration of hydrogen and expired after 30 minutes Colony-mucosa-biopsy is the standard diagnostic criteria.
Treatment The first form of treatment and prophylaxis include: -Avoid consumption of lactose products -Consumption of milk sold prehidrolizat -Consumption of fermented products: yogurt, cheese -Based products and soy milk are well tolerated. There are preparations that contain the lactase enzyme, Lactaid, Lactrase effective simptomele.Este necessary to reduce dietary supplementation with Ca and vitamin D to prevent osteoporosis early. Ase avoid products that contain hidden lactose, such as margarine, bread, salad dressings and candy.