Mumps virus (mumps or mumps infection)

Mumps virus (mumps or mumps infection)

    * Introduction
    * Signs and symptoms
    * Diagnosis
    * Treatment
Mumps is a contagious viral infection that causes painful swelling of the salivary glands. It is caused by mumps virus paramixosviridiae family. Children become infected by breathing air contaminated with droplets from the sick Fluge contactu or directly with objects contaminated with saliva. Mumps is still less infectious than chickenpox or smallpox. In areas of epidemic occurs in periods of several years especially in the winter and spring. Epidemics occur in human communities without immunity. Although infection can occur at any age, most cases are in children 5-10 years. Infection is rare in children under 2 years old. A mumps virus infection usually cause life-long immunity.
Symptoms debuts at 14-24 days after infection. Most children develop chills, headache, anorexia, malaise and mild fever. These symptoms are followed by 12-24 hours of parotid gland enlargement of the gland, which is more pronounced on day two and five and seven days of illness. Swelling in the mastication and swallowing cause pain, especially the consumption of acidic drinks such as fruit juices. The glands are sensitive to touch. At this stage the temperature rises up to 39. 4-40 degrees C and remains in plateau 1-3 days.
Approximately 20% of the boys infected after puberty develop orchitis, testicular inflammation. Testicular inflammation cause severe pain. Once cured, the affected testes may be small, but testosterone production and fertility is usually unaffected. Mumps leads to inflammation and meninges covering the brain, meningitis in 1-10% of cases. Meningitis cause headache, vomiting and stiffness nucala. Mumps can cause encephalitis in 1 in 1000-5000 cases. Encephalitis cause drowsiness, coma or convulsions. Most patients fully recover, though some people will remain with nerve or brain permenente sequelae such as paralysis of the muscles of facial nerve, which affects only one half of the face. Inflammation of the pancreas may occur at the end of the first week of infection. The disease cause abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, which range from severe to moderate. These symptoms disappear intro week, and the person recovers completely.
Once infection has started it will follow its evolution. Treatment is symptomatic, an antiviral neexistind to heal. To decrease the discomfort children should avoid foods that require chewing, and the forcing of acid. You can use painkillers such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen for headaches and discomfort. Boys and men with testicular inflammation requires bed rest. The scrotum should be supported by a tape connected between your thighs. To relieve the pain with ice packs may be applied. If pancreatitis cause severe nausea and vomiting is administered intravenous fluids and oral diet should be avoided for several days. Children with meningitis or encephalitis may require intravenous fluids and acetaminophen or ibuprofen for fever and headache. If seizures are necessary to install anticonvulsants.
Pathogenesis and causes
Mumps virus cause a generalized infection. After entering the oropharynx begins to cause viral replication and involves secondary glands or nervous tissue. The virus can be isolated from saliva, blood, urine and spinal fluid. The route of transmission is through respiratory droplets Fluge. It has an incubation of 14-25 days after prodromal syndrome that begins and lasts for 3-5 days. After the prodrome symptoms depend on the organ. The disease is encountered mumps, which occurs in 30-40% of cases. Other sites of mumps infection are testes, pancreas, eyeballs, ovaries, central nervous system, joints and kidneys. The patient is considered infectious 3 days before 4 days after onset of symptoms and resolving active mumps. Asymptomatic infection can and 20% of patients.
Tissue response to invasion viremia is cell necrosis and inflammation with mononuclear cells. Salivary glands descumarea shows edema and necrotic epithelial tissue lining the ducts. Length and hemorrhaging may occur leading to destruction of epithelial duct blockage.