Osteocondrom

Osteocondromul is most commonly found benign bone tumor. The tumor is often diagnosed accidentally. Counts over 35% of benign bone tumors and 9% of all bone tumors. Most are asymptomatic, but can cause mechanical symptoms depending on location and size. As benign osteocondroamele not metastasize. Less than 1% of solitary osteocondroamele malignant degeneration has been reported in secondary chondrosarcoma.
Osteocondromul is a cartilage covered bony excrescence (exostoza) that protrudes from the surface of a bone.Osteocondroamele are the most common bone tumor in children.They may be solitary or mutiple and may occur spontaneously or as a result of previous bone trauma. A osteocondrom can affect any bone.
Osteocondromatoza is a hereditary disease with multiple exostoze autosomal dominant pattern of transmission. Most osteocondroame, solitary or multiple and they occur in the tubular bone metaphyses location. Patients may present with osteocondromatoza from 2 to hundreds of injuries. Most solitary lesions are discovered incidentally in children and adolescents. A skeletal painless swelling or a mass that grows slowly debut is the usual way. Endocondromatoza lead to bone abnormalities such as shortening of limbs and palpable in the first or second decade of life. Osteocondroamelor Complications include fractures, bone deformities, neurological and vascular injuries, training scholarships and malignant transformation. Morbidity and mortality associated with complications osteocondroamelor.
Most lesions are discovered incidentally and treated only by observation. If you remain asymptomatic can be ignored. Lesions that cause mechanical symptoms become painful, increase or cause growth defects are treated by surgical removal.
Pathogenesis osteocondromuluiOsteocondroamele solitary:Represent relatively common lesions found and are regarded as true tumors or disorders of bone growth. It forms in areas of the skeleton that develop by ossification and those of fizis endocondrala. Vary considerably in size, up to 4 cm.osteocondroamele from flat bones tend to be higher.
Histopathologically, shows a capacity osteocondroamele cartilage.This is identical epiphyseal growth plate histology. During active growth is composed of hyaline cartilage. Cape thickness is correlated with patient age, and it decreases in thickness as the patient progresses in age. in children and adolescents, capacity can be 3 cm, while older patients may not exist. A thick capacity, over 1 cm in adults should raise the possibility of malignant transformation.Although the exact etiology of these lesions is not known tumor, it is believed that a peripheral portion of the plateau herniaza fizis growth. This herniation may be idiopathic or the result of trauma or a ring pericondrial deficient. Whatever the cause the result is abnormal extension of cartilage metaplasia.Isle of cartilage epiphysis is organized structure similar intro. As it is stimulated bone formation occurs encondral.
Clinical and pathological forms of the disease:Osteocondroamele:They develop herniation through a bone cortex adjacent to the growth plate of growth. Secondary bone excrescence continue to grow until the plateau is close to puberty. Malignant degeneration occurs in 1-25% of cases and should be suspected if a exostoza growing rapidly in size, especially in an adult. Osteocondroamelor spontaneous resolution has been reported. Osteocondroamele that continues to grow after puberty condrosarcomatoasa transformation raise suspicion.Hereditary multiple exostoses:It represents an autosomal dominant condition associated with short stature, asymmetric growth and multiple osteocondroame knees and ankles. Lead to deformity. Memebrelor inequality is lower than 4 cm, and the risk of malignant degeneration is between 1-20%. Osteocondroamele are located close to the metaphysical and may be sessile or pedicled. Cortex lesion is continuous with the bone cortex, with continuity homogeneous Mede.Hemimelica epiphyseal dysplasia:Also called Trevor's disease is characterized by osteocondroame epiphyses and affects arising from the joint. Lesions are limited to one half of the body, left or right. Hence hemimelica name to reflect the impairment of a body part. There may be multiple lesions on a single member. The disease occurs in children. It affects one half of the epiphysis, the medial side is affected twice as often from the side. On macroscopic inspection, the lesion is a mass connected to pedunculate cartilaginous epiphysis with a finished product.Histological appearance is similar to that of osteocondromului.Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia:It is another autosomal dominant condition characterized by irregular ossification spifizeale this with intracapsular and peri condroame the knees and ankles. Patients with this condition are children. The column is not affected.Osteocondromatoza dominant carpotarsala:It is an autosomal dominant entity described in mother and son.Are reported and limited Osteocondroamele carpotarsale bones.