Vitiligo Signs and symptoms

Vitiligo
Signs and symptoms
The main sign of disease is the appearance of white spots on the skin with well defined contours. Although any region of the body can be affected by vitiligo, depigmentation occurs in particular: - Genitals - In the armpits - On sun-exposed areas: hands, feet, face and lips - In areas subject to friction (knee)

He reported a female preponderance, but not statistically significant. Vitiligo can occur anytime from birth to senescence although onset is observed between 10-30 years. It is rarely seen in children or the elderly. Almost all cases of vitiligo are gained during adolescence. The average age of onset is 20 years. Most common form of vitiligo patches include amelanotice surrounded by healthy skin or spots. Macules are milky and well-demarcated lesions. The injuries are not very apparent at white people, yet are distinguished by Wood lamp examination. Physical examination in vitiligo Vitiligo is manifested as hypopigmented spots or white patches or acquired. Lesions are well demarcated, round, oval or linear form. The edges may be convex. The increase in time at a rate centrifugal Unspecified. Injuries range from mm to cm in diameter. Initial lesions occur more frequently on hands, feet and face with perioral and periocular distribution.
Lesions may be localized or generalized, generalized form is more common. Vitiligo is limited to a localized area with a general or segmental distribution quasidermatomica. Generalized vitiligo involving more than one general area. In this situation macules are found on both sides of the torso, symmetrical or asymmetrical.
The most affected areas are the face, scalp and neck. Many areas are developing areas of repeated trauma: -Protruding bone, extensor surface of arms Waist-ventral, dorsal hand, digital phalanges.
Mucosal involvement is frequently observed in generalized vitiligo. Vitiligo occurs around the body orifices, lips, genitals, gums, areolae and nipples.
Leucotricha impairment loss is included in the vitiligo macules. Vitiligo on the scalp appears as localized patches of white or gray hair, but the overall pigmentation of the head may occur. Scalp involvement is frequently followed by the eyebrow, pubic and underarm hair. Leucotricha indicated a negative prognosis from repigmentation. Spontaneous Repigmentation depigmented hair appears. Clinical variants of vitiligo Trichrome vitiligo has an intermediate area located between the center acromic hypochromia and peripheral unaffected skin. The natural progression is hypopigmented areas in total depigmentation. It comes in 3 colors: brown, tan and white on the same patient. Marginal inflammatory vitiligo shows a red border, which is high at the onset of vitiligo or may occur several months or years after initial onset. There may be itching easy. Quadricrom Vitiligo is another variant of vitiligo, which reflect the presence of a fourth color (dark brown) at perifoliculara repigmentation. He described a case of vitiligo and five colors. Vitiligo blue dye in blue cause of vitiligo macules. This was seen in patients with vitiligo who developed hyperpigmentation postinflamatorie. Koebner phenomenon is defined as the development of vitiligo in areas traumatized as a cut, burn, abrasion. It requires a minimal damage to the phenomenon to occur. Classification of vitiligo clinic The classification system is important because of the special importance of each type of vitiligo. Most widely used classification is localized, generalized and universal, based on distribution:
Localized form: -Focal-characterized by one or more patches in a single area, most commonly the trigeminal nerve distribution -Segments that occurs in one or more patches or quasidermatom dermatome occurs in children, shows polioza white hair, this is not associated with autoimmune diseases -Mucous membranes, are affected only.
Generalized form: -Acrofaciala-pigmentation occurs on the fingers and distal areas periorificiale -Vulgaris, characterized by patches distributed throughout corpult Vulgaris-mixed-acrofaciala and in combination, or segment and acrofacial.
Universal Form-pigmentation is complete. Syndrome associated with multiple endocrinopatie. Vitiligo and ocular damage Uveal tract and retinal pigment cells contain pigment. Choroidiene abnormalities have been reported in 30% of patients and irritating at 5%. Uveitis is the most common abnormality associated with vitiligo. Most severe form of uveitis is seen in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. This syndrome associated vitiligo, uveitis, septic meningitis, tinnitus, and alopecia poliozis. Alessandrini syndrome include facial vitiligo, poliozis, unilateral deafness and visual changes. Although iris color does not change in patients with vitiligo, discolored areas of pigmented epithelium and choroid appear. Vitiligo and autoimmune diseases Vitiligo is frequently associated with autoimmune diseases home with the most common thyroid abnormalities. Vitiligo usually precedes the onset of thyroid disfuntiei. Patients with autoimmune endocrinopatie andidozica ectodermal dystrophy and have a high prevalence of vitiligo. In this genetic syndrome autoantibodies cause destruction of endocrine cells. Vitiligo and auditory anomalies Melanin may play a significant role in establishing and maintaining the structure and function of the auditory system and auditory stimuli can modulate the transducer in the inner ear. Membranous labyrinth of the inner ear contains melanocytes and pigment found in most pronounced scale vestibules. Because vitiligo affects all melanocytes can result in abnormalities, hearing aids. Vitiligo and melanoma Similar pigmentation may occur in vitiligo patients with malignant melanoma and is believed to result from a reaction mediated by T cells from melanoma cells and antigenic cross-reactivity with healthy melanocytes. Most patients with melanoma or vitiligo develop antibodies to antigens that are present in melanocytes and melanoma cells.
The evolution of this dermatosis is unpredictable. In some cases, white spots in the absence of treatment stops. In others, the highest pigmentation can affect the skin surface.