Acute bronchitis
* Introduction
* Clinical
* Diagnosis
* Treatment
* Measures to prevent
* Evolution and complications
Acute bronchitis is characterized by chronic inflammation of the bronchi, which begins usually in the context of a viral infection and evolve without complications.
The main symptom is painful cough. Treatment of acute bronchitis is made with expectorants and antitussives. Sometimes it requires antibiotics. Complications arise due to evolution to pneumonia or chronic bronchitis.
Definition
Acute bronchitis is inflammation of the mucous membranes of the lower airway. Usually bronchi are particularly affected, although the inflammation may extend from the trachea (traheonbronsita) to the smallest units (bronchioles). Acute bronchitis usually starts due to a viral infection that can be aggravated by environmental influences (pollution, cigarette smoke) or bacterial infections.
Prevalence
Acute upper respiratory tract infections, including acute bronchitis, are the most frequent pathologies. Bronchitis and other respiratory illnesses reach a peak of incidence especially in spring and autumn.
Etiology
The most common cause of acute bronchitis virus attack (about 90%). For adults, the disease is often triggered by viruses such as: influenza virus paragripal, nose-and adenovirus. For children, the disease is triggered by certain respiratory virus, the adenovirus, and echovirusi coxsackievirusi. Acute bronchitis can also occur as a result of contracting the measles virus.
Bacterial infection occurs rarely. The bacteria most often suprainfecteaza bronchial mucosa which has already been subject to viral attack. Most Popular bronchitis of bacterial pathogens are streptococci, Haemophilus influenzae virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis virus in adults and in children and infants clamidiile. Acute bronchitis can occur with an episode of whooping cough.
Fungal infections of acute bronchitis occur very rarely in people with weakened immune systems.
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