Argiria

What is Argiria? Argiria result from prolonged contact or ingestion of silver sariurilor. Argiria is characterized by gray-black coloration of the skin and mucous membranes produced by silver deposit. Silver can be deposited in the skin by industrial exposure or as a result of drugs that contain silver salts.
The most common cause of argirie is mechanical impregnation of the skin by small particles of silver miners of silver, silver handicraft, silver refining, metal films, processing solutions and fototgrafica. Colloidal silver dietary supplements are widely used in HIV infection, diabetes, herpes infections and cancer. There were also cases after prolonged use of silver salts printrun natural remedy containing silver acetate. Argiria and was attributed to surgical and dental procedures. The place of acupuncture needles and silver earrings silver blue spots appeared.
Depigmentation treatment is not sufficiently prepared. Hidroquinona 5% can reduce the number of grains of silver in the upper dermis. Use sunscreen to prevent pigmentation of the skin and extra mask discoloration. Argirie patients with impaired skin is permanent and irreversible.
Pathogenesis and causes
Argiria is located in the conjunctiva or oral mucosa after prolonged treatment applications of salt solutions or silver acupuncture. Universal Argiria occurs after long term exposure to systemic treatment with drugs that contain silver salts. Occurs in patients who have silver protein suspension supplements for chronic gastritis or gastric ulcer or nose drops. Argiria appears as an occupational disease in workers who prepare artificial pearls or silver processes.
The human body normally contains about 1 mg of silver. Smallest amount of silver which produces argirie generalized to humans is 4-5 g. argitnul in the amount of 50-500 mg / kg is toxic and lethal. Although pigmentary changes occur primarily in sun-exposed areas, whole grains are deposited in the skin. There are different theories about the limitation of gray-blue coloration only on sun-exposed areas. It is believed that proteins with silver compounds are reduced to silver elementer skin to light, similar to the phenomenon through which the picture. Another theory believes that stimulates melanogenesis and silver and light gray-blue.
Signs and symptoms
Patient history will be made to use local grade silver, with silver taking dietary supplements, occupational exposure. Argiria scar is located at the side and silver sulfadiazine cream with.
Physical examination. Early in argiria develop generalized gray-blue color of the gums, while the progressive diffuse skin damage. Skin pigmentation is gray or gray-blue metallic, and may be clinically apparent after a few months, but the clinical evolution require several years and depends on the degree of exposure. Hyperpigmentation is more apparent in sun-exposed areas of skin, especially on the forehead, nose and hands. In some patients the entire skin acquires a gray color. Whites of the eyes, nail beds and mucous membranes may become more pigmented. Viscera tend to show a blue coloration, including the spleen, liver and intestinal obvious elements during abdominal surgery or postmortem.
Argiriei complications include: -Cachexia, uremia, albuminuria, fatty degeneration of the liver, kidneys and heart -Hemorrhage, idiopathic thrombocytopenia, blood flow -Chronic bronchitis, decreased coordination, decreased night vision -Alterations in taste, vestibular disease, grand mal convulsions -Death by respiratory paralysis.
Diagnosis
Argirie diagnosis is established by skin biopsy. Histological examination. On routine staining of specimens taken granules appear small, round, brown-black agglomerate in groups or solitary. Avoid Appendices epidermal and basement membrane and are concentrated in sweat glands surrounded. These granules are deposited in connective tissue and nerves surrounding structures pilosebacee. Shows predilection for elastic fibers are well visualized in dark field illumination. The differential diagnosis is made with the following conditions: ochronosis, drugs such as amiodarone, phenothiazines, antimalarials, minocycline, hemochromatosis, pilicitemia vera, Addison's disease, melanosis dufuza.
Treatment
You can try a regimen of depigmentation preparations. These are not usually effective. Hidroquinona 5% can reduce the number of silver granules in the superficial dermis and around sweat glands and reduce the number of melanocytes. Attempts to remove the silver chelating agents were unsuccessful. Indicated creams and cosmetics opaque sunscreen to prevent pigmentation and to mask discoloration apielii additional evidence. Selenium and sulfur have shown beneficial results on silver toxicity and metabolism by forming complexes with it. Selenite silver is insoluble in vivo and reduces the availability of monovalent silver to interfere with normal tissue enzyme activities.