Disease caisson disease

Disease caisson disease Caisson disease occurs in divers or underwater explorers, working under air pressure, breathing air at several atmospheres pressure. If these individuals pass rapidly from high pressure system in the environment in which they worked the land pressure, nerve injuries occur. When breathing air at high pressures, the nitrogen in the inspired air passes into the bloodstream and dissolves in it. While the individual remains at a high pressure, nitrogen dissolves in the blood does not create problems. When sudden transition to a lower pressure, nitrogen has no time to remove the lungs and thus nitrogen bubbles in blood vessels, stopping normal blood flow by blocking the arterioles and capillaries. This results in embolic stroke. Blocking traffic by gas bubbles generally occurs throughout the body, but mainly in the nevraxului and circulation is affected mainly the spinal cord. Caisson disease is found in the case sapatorilor tunnel or bridge builders working in water under air pressure.
Pathologist, the lesion is found outbreaks of necrosis and areas of softening. Secondary degeneration of the fibers of these injuries occur long ways. Thoracic spinal is most often injured.
Clinical In the case of a rapid shift from high pressure to a lower-loaded, the patient is felt within half an hour. Meanwhile, nitrogen gas bubbles become increasingly larger and more numerous. After approximately 30 minutes to return to normal pressure, the patient suddenly accused of choking sensation appears perioral cyanosis, severe pain in muscles, bones and joints. Skin becomes mottled. The signs of paraparesis spinal injuries.
The neurological examination is often abnormal sensitivity, thermal sensitivity is especially affected. It is also noted tingling, stinging or tingling sensation in extremities. Because brain injuries invariably occur, it can emphasize visual disturbances or aphasic disorders of speech type. You may even meet an array neurasthenia, irritability and suicidal sluggish. If no emergency occurs, the patient into a coma, can develop into exitus.
Treatment It is best to prevent these events is through education and solid knowledge of the rules at work. If divers working at great depths over 10 meters, returning to the surface should be done slowly, in stages. Every 10 meters depth increases by one atmosphere pressure. To return to the surface, passages should occur about 20 minutes every 10 meters for nitrogen dissolved in the blood can be expired. If rapid ascent to the surface and if the individual is known to work at great depths, it is best not to wait for the symptoms described above. Immediately place the individual in a hyperbaric chamber where the pressure rises so as to be equal to that from which we started climbing to the surface. From 20 to 20 minutes, reduce the pressure in the room with an atmosphere, normal pressure until it reaches land. Hyperbaric Chamber is indicated in the event of symptoms, nitrogen bubbles to dissolve again when they raise blood pressure in the chamber.